6 dasar teori Dow (Charles Dow)

Dow Theory has 6 basic tenets:

1. 
   
   
   Markets have 3 trends.
   

1. 
   
   Uptrends are characterized by higher highs and higher lows.
   
   
   
   
2. 
   
   Downtrends are defined by lower lows and lower highs.
   
   
   
   
3. 
   
   Prices moving sharply in one direction, retracing, and then continuing in their original direction.
   

2. 
   
   Trends have three phases: an accumulation phase, a public participation phase, and a distribution phase.
   
   1. 
      
      The accumulation phase is the smart money is buying (selling) stock against the general opinion of the market. During this phase, the stock price does not change much because these investors are in the minority absorbing (releasing) stock that the market at large is supplying (demanding).
      
      
      
      
   2. 
      
      Eventually, the crowd follows (phase) This is when trend followers and other technically oriented investors participate.
      
      
      
      
   3. 
      
      This phase continues until rampant speculation occurs. At this point, the astute investors begin to distribute their holdings to the market (phase 3).
      
      
      
      
3. 
   
   The market discounts everything. The market takes all fundamentals into account and this is reflected in price in real time. Dow Theory is consistent with efficient market hypothesis.
   

4. 
   
   Stock market averages must confirm each other. To Dow, a bull market in industrials could not occur unless the railway average rallied as well, usually first. The two averages should be moving in the same direction. When the performance of the averages diverge, it is a warning that change is imminent.
   
   
   
   
5. 
   
   Trends are confirmed by volume. While Dow considered volume a secondary indicator, he believed that volume confirmed price trends. Volume should increase in the direction of a major trend. When prices move on low volume, there could be many different explanations why. An overly aggressive seller could be present for example. But when price movements are accompanied by high volume, Dow believed this represented the “true” market view. If many participants are active in a particular security, and the price moves significantly in one direction, Dow maintained that this was the direction in which the market anticipated continued movement. To him, it was a signal that a trend is developing.
   
   
   

6. 
   
   Trends exist until definitive signals prove that they have ended. Dow believed that trends existed despite “market noise”.
   Markets might temporarily move in the direction opposite the trend, but they will soon resume the prior move. 
   The trend should be given the benefit of the doubt during these reversals. As with the physical law of motion, stating that an object in motion continues in the same direction until an external force causes it to change direction.
   

Sumber: http://www.traderslog.com/dow-theory-2/